BA23 - Integrative genomics for risk of CHD and related phenotypes in the WHI
Data Dictionaries and Study Documentation
This section displays all study-related data dictionaries and study-related files. The investigators for this study will upload the datasets, data dictionaries, and other study-related files. Study-related files will be made available to the public one year after the completion of the ancillary study, with the exception of the datasets, which will only be available to those with a Data Distribution Agreement. Those will be available to those with permission to download and will appear as a download link next to the data dictionary
Data Dictionaries
Name | Description |
|---|
Study Documents
Name | Description |
|---|---|
| NameBAA 23 selection summary 06 17 13.docx | Description |
Related Papers
Blood-based epigenetic measures of age that predict all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis
Related Studies: BA23
Epigenetic clock analysis of diet. Exercise, education, and lifestyle factors
Behavioral and lifestyle factors have been shown to relate to a number of health-related outcomes, yet there is a need for studies that examine their relationship to molecular aging rates. Toward this end, we use recent epigenetic biomarkers of age that have previously been shown to predict all-cause mortality, chronic conditions, and age-related functional decline. We analyze cross-sectional data from 4,173 postmenopausal female participants from the Women's Health Initiative, as well as 402 ma...
Keywords: Dna Methylation; Aging; Alcohol Intake; Diet; Epigenetic Clock; Fish Intake; Lifestyle
Related Studies: BA23
DNA methylation age of blood predicts future onset of lung cancer in the Women's Health Initiative
Lung cancer is considered an age-associated disease, whose progression is in part due to accumulation of genomic instability as well as age-related decline in system integrity and function. Thus even among individuals exposed to high levels of genotoxic carcinogens, such as those found in cigarette smoke, lung cancer susceptibility may vary as a function of individual differences in the rate of biological aging. We recently developed a highly accurate candidate biomarker of aging based on DNA me...
Keywords: Dna Methylation; Epigenetics; Menopause; Aging; Parity; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Hormone Levels
Related Studies: BA23
Leukocyte telomere length, T cell composition and DNA methylation age
Both leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and DNA methylation age are strongly associated with chronological age. One measure of DNA methylation age- the extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (EEAA)- is highly predictive of all-cause mortality. We examined the relation between LTL and EEAA. LTL was measured by Southern blots and leukocyte DNA methylation was determined using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in participants in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI; n=804), the Framingham He...
Keywords: Dna Methylation; Epigenetic; Aging
Is the DNA methylation age of blood a better predictor of regional brain volumes and cognitive functioning than chronological age?
Keywords: Dna Methylation; Epigenetics; Chronological Age; Aging
Related Studies: BA23
Physical activity, physical function, and epigenetic age acceleration
Keywords: Exercise; Physical Activity; Dna Methylation; Epigenetics; Aging; Biomarker Of Aging
Related Studies: BA23
Dietary patterns and epigenetic aging in the Women’s Health Initiative
Background: Higher diet quality scores are associated with a lower risk for many chronic diseases and all-cause mortality; however, it is unclear if diet quality is associated with aging biology. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between diet quality and a measure of biological aging - epigenetic aging. Design: A cross-sectional data analysis was used to examine the association between three diet quality scores based on self-reported food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data a...
Keywords: Mediterranean Diet; Dna Methylation; Epigenetic Aging; Physical Function; Biological Aging
DNA methylation-based estimator of telomere length
Telomere length (TL) is associated with several aging-related diseases. Here, we present a DNA methylation estimator of TL (DNAmTL) based on 140 CpGs. Leukocyte DNAmTL is applicable across the entire age spectrum and is more strongly associated with age than measured leukocyte TL (LTL) (r ~-0.75 for DNAmTL versus r ~ -0.35 for LTL). Leukocyte DNAmTL outperforms LTL in predicting: i) time-to-death (p=2.5E-20), ii) time-to-coronary heart disease (p=6.6E-5), iii) time-to-congestive heart failure (p...
Keywords: Dna Methylation; Leukocyte Telomere Length; Aging; Mortality; Cvd
Association of clonal hematopoiesis and mosaic chromosomal alterations with solid malignancy incidence and mortality
Background: Understanding the impact of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) on solid tumor risk and mortality can shed light on novel cancer pathways. Methods: The authors analyzed whole genome sequencing data from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Women's Health Initiative study (n = 10,866). They investigated the presence of CHIP and mCA and their association with the development and mortality of breast, lung, and colorectal can...
Keywords: Clonal Hematopoesis; Cancer; Cancer Specific Mortality; Breast Cancer; Colorectal Cancer; Lung Cancer; Hematologic Malignancies
Evaluation of epigenetic age acceleration as a risk factor for incident atrial fibrillation
Keywords: Atrial Fibrillation; Epigenetics; Methylation; Genomics; Epigenetic Age
Related Studies: BA23
Menopause accelerates biological aging
Although epigenetic processes have been linked to aging and disease in other systems, it is not yet known whether they relate to reproductive aging. Recently, we developed a highly accurate epigenetic biomarker of age (known as the ''epigenetic clock''), which is based on DNA methylation levels. Here we carry out an epigenetic clock analysis of blood, saliva, and buccal epithelium using data from four large studies: the Women's Health Initiative (n = 1,864); Invecchiare nel Chianti (n = 200); Pa...
Keywords: Dna Methylation; Epigenetics; Menopause; Aging; Parity; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Hormone Levels
Related Studies: BA23
Epigenome-wide association study of kidney function identifies trans-ethnic and ethnic-specific loci
Background: DNA methylation (DNAm) is associated with gene regulation and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a measure of kidney function. Decreased eGFR is more common among US Hispanics and African Americans. The causes for this are poorly understood. We aimed to identify trans-ethnic and ethnic-specific differentially methylated positions (DMPs) associated with eGFR using an agnostic, genome-wide approach. Methods: The study included up to 5428 participants from multi-ethnic studies...
Keywords: Dna Methylation; Chronic Kidney Disease; Race/Ethnicity; Epigenetics
Stressful life events, social support, and epigenetic aging in the Women’s Health Initiative
Background: Elevated psychosocial stress has been linked with accelerated biological aging, including composite DNA methylation (DNAm) markers that predict aging-related outcomes ('epigenetic age'). However, no study has examined whether stressful life events (SLEs) are associated with epigenetic age acceleration in postmenopausal women, an aging population characterized by increased stress burden and disease risk. Methods: We leveraged the Women's Health Initiative, a large muti-ancestry cohort...
Keywords: Stressful Life Events; Psychosocial Stress; Dna Methylation; Epigenetic Age Acceleration; Social Support
GWAS of epigenetic ageing rates in blood reveals a critical role for TERT
DNA methylation age is an accurate biomarker of chronological age and predicts lifespan, but its underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. In this genome-wide association study of 9907 individuals, we find gene variants mapping to five loci associated with intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA) and gene variants in three loci associated with extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (EEAA). Mendelian randomization analysis suggests causal influences of menarche and menopause on IEAA and lip...
Keywords: Dna Methylation; Aging; Genetics
Related Studies: BA23
DNA methylation analysis identifies loci for blood pressure regulation
Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of genetic variants associated with blood pressure (BP), but sequence variation accounts for a small fraction of the phenotypic variance. Epigenetic changes may alter the expression of genes involved in BP regulation and explain part of the missing heritability. We therefore conducted a two-stage meta-analysis of the cross-sectional associations of systolic and diastolic BP with blood-derived genome-wide DNA methylation measured on the Inf...
Keywords: Epigenetics; Epigenome-Wide Association Study; Dna Methylation; Blood Pressure; Charge Consortium
Association of accelerometer-measured physical activity with leukocyte telomere length among older women
BACKGROUND : Previous studies on physical activity and telomere length have relied largely upon self-reported physical activity data, and few studies have examined older adults. The association of objectively measured physical activity with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is currently unknown. METHODS : In this study, we examined cross-sectional associations between accelerometer-measured total, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and LTL, measured using Southern blot. The s...
Keywords: Biomarker; Longevity; Mvpa; Minority Aging; Postmenopausa
Related Studies: BA23
Epigenetically mediated electrocardiographic manifestations of sub-chronic exposures to ambient particulate matter air pollution in the Women's Health Initiative and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Background: Short-duration exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution is associated with cardiac autonomic dysfunction and prolonged ventricular repolarization. However, associations with sub-chronic exposures to coarser particulates are relatively poorly characterized as are molecular mechanisms underlying their potential relationships with cardiovascular disease. Materials and methods: We estimated associations between monthly mean concentrations of PM < 10 µm and 2.5-10 µm in d...
Keywords: Air Pollution; Dna Methylation; Particulate Matter; Mediation; Heart Rate Variability
Leukocyte traits and exposure to ambient particulate matter air pollution in the Women’s Health Initiative and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution exposures may underlie PM-related increases in cardiovascular disease risk and mortality, although evidence of PM-associated leukocytosis is inconsistent and largely based on small, cross-sectional, and/or unrepresentative study populations. OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to estimate PM-leukocyte associations among U.S. women and men in the Women's Health Initiative and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (n=1...
Keywords: Air Pollution; Particulate Matter; Leukocytes
Trans-ethnic epigenome-wide association study of lipids
Keywords: Hdl; Ldl; Triglycerides; Dna Methylation; Epigenetics
Related Studies: BA23
DNA methylation GrimAge strongly predicts lifespan and healthspan
It was unknown whether plasma protein levels can be estimated based on DNA methylation (DNAm) levels, and if so, how the resulting surrogates can be consolidated into a powerful predictor of lifespan. We present here, seven DNAm-based estimators of plasma proteins including those of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and growth differentiation factor 15. The resulting predictor of lifespan, DNAm GrimAge (in units of years), is a composite biomarker based on the seven DNAm surrogates and a...
Coffee consumption is associated with DNA methylation levels of human blood
Beneficial health effects have been attributed to coffee consumption, but it is not yet known whether epigenetics may have a role in this process. Here we associate epigenome-wide DNA methylation levels to habitual coffee consumption from two studies with blood (2100 and 215 participants), and one with saliva samples (256 participants). Adjusting for age, gender, and blood cell composition, one CpG (cg21566642 near ALPPL2) surpassed genome-wide significance (P=3.7 × 10-10) and from among 10 addi...
Keywords: Dna Methylation; Epigenetics; Coffee; Biomarker Of Coffee; Aging
Related Studies: BA23
An epigenetic clock analysis of race/ethnicity, sex, and coronary heart disease
BACKGROUND: Epigenetic biomarkers of aging (the ''epigenetic clock'') have the potential to address puzzling findings surrounding mortality rates and incidence of cardio-metabolic disease such as: (1) women consistently exhibiting lower mortality than men despite having higher levels of morbidity; (2) racial/ethnic groups having different mortality rates even after adjusting for socioeconomic differences; (3) the black/white mortality cross-over effect in late adulthood; and (4) Hispanics in the...
Keywords: Aging; Black/White Mortality Cross-Over; Coronary Heart Disease; Dna Methylation; Epigenetic Clock; Gender; Hispanic Paradox; Race
Optimism is not associated with two indicators of DNA methylation aging
Evidence indicates associations between higher optimism and reduced risk of age-related conditions and premature mortality. This suggests optimism is a positive health asset, but research identifying potential biological mechanisms underlying these associations remains limited. One potential pathway is slower cellular aging, which may delay age-related deterioration in health. Data were from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) (N=3,298) and the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study (NAS) (N=514...
Keywords: Optimism; Health; Health Behaviors; Exceptional Longevity; Epidemiology
Epigenetic aging and immune senescence in women with insomnia symptoms: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative Study
BACKGROUND: Insomnia symptoms are associated with vulnerability to age-related morbidity and mortality. Cross-sectional data suggest that accelerated biological aging may be a mechanism through which sleep influences risk. A novel method for determining age acceleration using epigenetic methylation to DNA has demonstrated predictive utility as an epigenetic clock and prognostic of age-related morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We examined the association of epigenetic age and immune cell aging wi...
Keywords: Sleep; Dna Methylation; Epigenetics; Aging; Biomarker Of Aging
Related Studies: BA23
Epigenetic clock for skin and blood cells applied to Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome and ex vivo studies
DNA methylation (DNAm)-based biomarkers of aging have been developed for many tissues and organs. However, these biomarkers have sub-optimal accuracy in fibroblasts and other cell types used in ex vivo studies. To address this challenge, we developed a novel and highly robust DNAm age estimator (based on 391 CpGs) for human fibroblasts, keratinocytes, buccal cells, endothelial cells, lymphoblastoid cells, skin, blood, and saliva samples. High age correlations can also be observed in sorted neuro...
Keywords: Dna Methylation; Aging; Morbidity; Mortality; Biomarkers
Analysis of epigenetic age acceleration and healthy longevity among older US women
Importance: Accelerated biological aging is associated with decreased physical capability and cognitive functioning, which are associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Objective: We investigated associations between epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), a biomarker associated with aging, and healthy longevity among older women. Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study was a secondary analysis of participants in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) who were eligible to s...
Keywords: Epigenetic; Aging; Cognitive Function; Intact Mobility; Longevity
Optimism, lifestyle, and longevity in a racially diverse cohort of women
Background: Research has suggested optimism is associated with healthy aging and exceptional longevity, but most studies were conducted among non-Hispanic White populations. We examined associations of optimism to longevity across racial and ethnic groups and assessed healthy lifestyle as a possible mediating pathway. Methods: Participants from the Women's Health Initiative (N = 159,255) completed a validated measure of optimism and provided other demographic and health data at baseline. We eval...
Keywords: Optimism; Health; Health Behaviors; Exceptional Longevity; Epidemiology
Methylome-wide association study provides evidence of particulate matter air pollution-associated DNA methylation
BACKGROUND: DNA methylation (DNAm) may contribute to processes that underlie associations between air pollution and poor health. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate associations between DNAm and ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM) =2.5, =10, and 2.5-10 µm in diameter (PM2.5; PM10; PM2.5-10). METHODS: We conducted a methylome-wide association study among twelve cohort- and race/ethnicity-stratified subpopulations from the Women's Health Initiative and the Atherosclerosis Risk i...
Keywords: Epigenetics; Air Pollution; Epigenome-Wide Association Study; Dna Methylation; Particulate Matter
The association of epigenetic age acceleration and multimorbidity at age 90 in the Women’s Health Initiative
Background: Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), a measure of accelerated biological aging, has been associated with increased risk of several age-related chronic conditions. This is the first study to prospectively examine the relationship between EAA and both multimorbidity count and a weighted multimorbidity score among long-lived postmenopausal women. Methods: We included 1,951 women from the Women's Health Initiative who could have survived to age 90. EAA was estimated using the Horvath pan-t...
Keywords: Epigenetic; Aging; Multimorbidity; Chronic Conditions; Longevity
The role of epigenetic aging in education and racial/ethnic mortality disparities among older U.S. women
Abstract BACKGROUND: Higher mortality experienced by socially disadvantaged groups and/or racial/ethnic minorities is hypothesized to be, at least in part, due to an acceleration of the aging process. Using a new epigenetic aging measure, Levine DNAmAge, this study aimed to investigate whether epigenetic aging accounts for mortality disparities by race/ethnicity and education in a sample of U.S. postmenopausal women. METHODS: 1834 participants from an ancillary study (BA23) in the Women's Health...
Keywords: Race/Ethnicity; Education; Mortality; Epigenetic Aging; Mediation
Related Studies: BA23
Identifying the relation between food groups and biological ageing; a data-driven approach
Background: Heterogeneity in ageing rates drives the need for research into lifestyle secrets of successful agers. Biological age, predicted by epigenetic clocks, has been shown to be a more reliable measure of ageing than chronological age. Dietary habits are known to affect the ageing process. However, much remains to be learnt about specific dietary habits that may directly affect the biological process of ageing. Objective: To identify food groups that are directly related to biological agei...
Keywords: Aging; Epigenetic Clock; Dna Methylation; Nutrition; Copula Graphical Model
Association of epigenetic age acceleration with incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia among older women
Background: Epigenetic age acceleration (AgeAccel), which indicates faster biological aging relative to chronological age, has been associated with lower cognitive function. However, the association of AgeAccel with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia is not well-understood. We examined associations of four AgeAccel measures with incident MCI and dementia. Methods: This prospective analysis included 578 older women from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study selected for a case-coho...
Keywords: Epigenetics; Dementia; Alzheimer’S; Dna Methylation; Mild Cognitive Impairment; Aging
Relationships of depression and antidepressant use with epigenetic age acceleration and all-cause mortality among postmenopausal women
We investigated relations of depressive symptoms, antidepressant use, and epigenetic age acceleration with all-cause mortality risk among postmenopausal women. Data were analyzed from ≤1,900 participants in the Women's Health Initiative study testing four-way decomposition models. After a median 20.4y follow-up, 1,161 deaths occurred. Approximately 11% had elevated depressive symptoms (EDS+), 7% were taking antidepressant medication at baseline (ANTIDEP+), while 16.5% fell into either category (...
Keywords: Antidepressant; Cardiovascular Disease; Cancer; Depression; Epigenetic Age; Mortality.
Related Studies: BA23
AESurv: autoencoder survival analysis for accurate early prediction of coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the United States. Accurate time-to-event CHD prediction models with high-dimensional DNA methylation and clinical features may assist with early prediction and intervention strategies. We developed a state-of-the-art deep learning autoencoder survival analysis model (AESurv) to effectively analyze high-dimensional blood DNA methylation features and traditional clinical risk factors by learning low-dimensiona...
Keywords: Coronary Heart Disease; Autoencoder Survival Analysis; Aesurv; Deep Learning; Prediction
An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan
Identifying reliable biomarkers of aging is a major goal in geroscience. While the first generation of epigenetic biomarkers of aging were developed using chronological age as a surrogate for biological age, we hypothesized that incorporation of composite clinical measures of phenotypic age that capture differences in lifespan and healthspan may identify novel CpGs and facilitate the development of a more powerful epigenetic biomarker of aging. Using an innovative two-step process, we develop a ...
Keywords: Dna Methylation; Aging; Morbidity; Mortality; Biomarkers
Related Studies: BA23
Associations between DNA methylation and BMI vary by metabolic health status: a potential link to disparate cardiovascular outcomes
Background: Body mass index (BMI), a well-known risk factor for poor cardiovascular outcomes, is associated with differential DNA methylation (DNAm). Similarly, metabolic health has also been associated with changes in DNAm. It is unclear how overall metabolic health outside of BMI may modify the relationship between BMI and methylation profiles, and what consequences this may have on downstream cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to identify cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) si...
Vasomotor symptoms and accelerated epigenetic aging in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI)
PURPOSE: The hallmark menopausal symptom, vasomotor symptoms (VMS), has been linked to adverse health indicators. However, the relationship between VMS and biological aging has not been tested. We examined associations between menopausal VMS and biological aging as assessed by two DNA methylation-based epigenetic aging indicators previously linked to poor health outcomes. METHODS: Participants were members of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS) integrative genomics sub-stu...
Keywords: Vasomotor Symptoms; Hot Flashes; Dna Methylation; Epigenetics; Aging; Biomarker Of Aging
Related Studies: BA23
Epigenome-wide association study of leukocyte telomere length
Abstract
Telomere length is associated with age-related diseases and is highly heritable. It is unclear, however, to what extent epigenetic modifications are associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL). In this study, we conducted a large-scale epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of LTL using seven large cohorts (n=5,713) - the Framingham Heart Study, the Jackson Heart Study, the Women's Health Initiative, the Bogalusa Heart Study, the Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 and 1936, and the Long...
Keywords: Dna Methylation; Leukocyte Telomere Length; Aging; Mortality; Cvd
The role of social determinants of health on epigenetic aging acceleration and symptoms in women cancer survivors: Findings from the Women’s Health Initiative Study
Keywords: Epigenetic Age Acceleration; Dna Methylation; Symptoms; Cancer Survivors; Social Determinants Of Health
Discovering the direct relations between nutrients and epigenetic ageing
Background: Along with the ageing of society, the absolute prevalence of age-related diseases is expected to rise, leading to a substantial burden on healthcare systems and society. Thus, there is an urgent need to promote healthy ageing. As opposed to chronological age, biological age was introduced to accurately represent the ageing process, as it considers physiological deterioration that is linked to morbidity and mortality risk. Furthermore, biological age responds to various factors, inclu...
Keywords: Aging; Epigenetic Clock; Dna Methylation; Nutrition; Copula Graphical Model
Epigenome-wide association study of diet quality in the Women's Health Initiative and TwinsUK cohort
Background: Diet quality is a risk factor for chronic disease and mortality. Differential DNA methylation across the epigenome has been associated with chronic disease risk. Whether diet quality is associated with differential methylation is unknown. This study assessed whether diet quality was associated with differential DNA methylation measured across 445 548 loci in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and the TwinsUK cohort. Design: The discovery cohort consisted of 4355 women from the WHI. ...
Keywords: Diet; Epigenetics; Insulin Resistance; Type 2 Diabetes
Associations of Epigenetic Age Estimators With Cognitive Function Trajectories in the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study
Background and objectives: Epigenetic age estimators indicating faster/slower biological aging vs chronological age independently associate with several age-related outcomes; however, longitudinal associations with cognitive function are understudied. We examined associations of epigenetic age estimators with cognitive function measured annually. Methods: This longitudinal study consisted of older women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study with DNA methylation (DNAm) collected ...
Keywords: Aging; Dna Methylation; Cognitive Functioning; Epigenetic Age Acceleration; Cognitive Aging
DNA methylation in peripheral blood leukocytes for the association with glucose metabolism and invasive breast cancer
Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is a well-established factor for breast cancer (BC) risk in postmenopausal women, but the interrelated molecular pathways on the methylome are not explicitly described. We conducted a population-level epigenome-wide association (EWA) study for DNA methylation (DNAm) probes that are associated with IR and prospectively correlated with BC development, both overall and in BC subtypes among postmenopausal women. Methods: We used data from Women's Health Initiative...
Keywords: Breast Cancer Risk; Cancer-Related Metabolic Biomarkers; Obesity; Exogenous Estrogen; Dna Methylation
DNA methylation GrimAge version 2
We previously described a DNA methylation (DNAm) based biomarker of human mortality risk DNAm GrimAge. Here we describe version 2 of GrimAge (trained on individuals aged between 40 and 92) which leverages two new DNAm based estimators of (log transformed) plasma proteins: high sensitivity C-reactive protein (logCRP) and hemoglobin A1C (logA1C). We evaluate GrimAge2 in 13,399 blood samples across nine study cohorts. After adjustment for age and sex, GrimAge2 outperforms GrimAge in predicting mort...
Keywords: Epigenetic Clocks; Dna Methylation; Proteomics; Principal Components; Mortality; Reproducibility
Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of BMI in nine population-based cohorts: examining the utility of epigenetically predicted BMI
This study sought to examine the association between DNA methylation and body mass index (BMI) and the potential of BMI-associated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites to provide information about metabolic health. We pooled summary statistics from six trans-ethnic epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) of BMI representing nine cohorts (n = 17,034), replicated these findings in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI, n = 4,822), and developed an epigenetic prediction score of BMI. In the poole...
Keywords: Obesity; Dna Methylation; Epigenetics; Bmi; Metabolic Health
