AS286 - OPACH: Objective physical activity and cardiovascular health in women aged 80 and older
Investigator Names and Contact Information
Andrea Z. LaCroix
Introduction/Intent
While self-reported measures of physical activity have some validity, they lack precision, may reflect over-reporting of activity, and provide only limited information on the details and patterns of physical activity. Objectively measured physical activity allows cohort studies to address key gaps in knowledge about the health benefits of physical activity. Of specific interest are impacts on cardiovascular health as there is strong evidence that physical activity reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.
The OPACH study was an ancillary study of the WHI Long Life Study. Long Life Study participants who were ambulatory were concurrently invited to join the OPACH study. The goal of OPACH was to increase the understanding of the health benefits and risks of physical activity, specifically with cardiovascular events and incident falls. OPACH participants were asked to complete the following tasks: 1) wear an accelerometer (physical activity monitor) for 7 days, (2) complete a Sleep Log, (3) complete a Physical Activity Questionnaire, and (4) complete monthly Falls Calendars for a year.
For a more detailed description of the study protocol, we strongly recommend reading and becoming familiar with the OPACH study design paper (MS2965, citation provided below and copy provided in "Data Dictionaries and Study Documentation" page). This publication also provides figures describing the study samples for the accelerometer data and the falls calendar/interview data.
Specific Aims
The specific aims of the OPACH study were:
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To determine the associations between objective measures of physical activity and the risk of incident cardiovascular disease in older women participating in WHI.
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To compare the magnitude of associations between self-reported and accelerometer measures of physical activity with incident cardiovascular disease; and to determine if self-reported measures of physical activity provided unique information about risk, which was not captured by accelerometer measures.
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To conduct a calibration study in order to determine accelerometry thresholds for older women that distinguish sedentary from light activity and light activity from moderate to vigorous activity.
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To determine how level of physical activity influences risk of fall-related injuries and overall risk for any injury.
Although the focus of OPACH was cardiovascular disease, the data collected creates opportunities to examine the associations between objective measurements of physical activity and risk of mortality, breast cancer, colon cancer, type 2 diabetes, dementia, cognitive decline and physical disability. In addition, study associations between objective physical activity and cardiovascular biomarkers measured from biospecimens that were collected at the Long Life Study home visit (lipids, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, creatinine) can also be examined.
Results and Findings
As of November 2018, 9 manuscripts have been published related to the OPACH study and numerous proposals have been approved. For a complete, up-to-date list of WHI papers related to this ancillary study, please use the searchable Bibliography section of this website. To search for papers by study number, access the Simple Search, and enter "AS286" in the "Related Studies" field.
Design Paper:
MS2965 - LaCroix AZ, Rillamas-Sun E, Buchner D, Evenson KR, Di C, Lee IM, Marshall S, LaMonte MJ, Hunt J, Tinker LF, Stefanick M, Lewis CE, Bellettiere J, and Herring AH. The Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease Health in Older Women (OPACH) Study. BMC Public Health 2017 Jan;17(1):192. PMCID: PMC5307783
MS2246 - Evenson KR, Wen F, Herring AH, Di C, LaMonte MJ, Tinker LF, Lee IM, Rillamas-Sun E, LaCroix AZ, Buchner DM. Calibrating physical activity intensity for hip-worn accelerometry in women age 60 to 91 years: The Women's Health Initiative OPACH Calibration Study. Prev Med Rep. 2015 Sep;2:750-756. PMCID: PMC4625400
MS2367 - Rillamas-Sun E, Buchner DM, Di C, Evenson KR, LaCroix AZ. Development and application of an automated algorithm to identify a window of consecutive days of accelerometer wear for large-scale studies. BMC Res Notes 2015 Jun;8:270. PMCID: PMC4482153
MS2542- LaMonte MJ, Lewis CE, Buchner DM, Evenson KR, Rillamas-Sun E, Di C, Lee IM, Bellettiere J, Stefanick ML, Eaton CB, Howard BV, Bird C, and LaCroix LZ. Both Light Intensity and Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Measured by Accelerometry Are Favorably Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Older Women: The Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health (OPACH) Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2017 Oct;6(10): e007064. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.007064. PMCID: PMC5721888.
MS2683 - Bai J, Di C, Xiao L, Evenson KR, LaCroix AZ, Crainiceanu CM, and Buchner DM. An Activity Index for Raw Accelerometry Data and Its Comparison with Other Activity Metrics. PLoS One 2016 Aug;11(8): e0160644. PMCID: PMC4981309
MS2758 - Hua A, Quicksall Z, Di C, Motl R, LaCroix AZ, Schatz B, and Buchner DM. Accelerometer-based predictive models of fall risk in older women: a pilot study. npj Digital Medicine 2018 Jul; 1: 25. doi: 10.1038/s41746-018-0033-5.
MS2966 - Buchner DM, Rillamas-Sun E, Di C, LaMonte MJ, Marshall SW, Hunt J, Zhang Y, Rosenberg DE, Lee IM, Evenson KR, Herring AH, Lewis CE, Stefanick ML, and LaCroix AZ. Accelerometer-Measured Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity and Incidence Rates of Falls in Older Women. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017 Jul 29. doi: 10.1111/jgs.14960. [Epub ahead of print]
MS3072 - LaMonte MJ, Buchner DM, Rillamas-Sun E, Di C, Evenson KR, Bellettiere J, Lewis CE, Lee IM, Tinker LF, Seguin R, Zaslovsky O, Eaton CB, Stefanick ML, and LaCroix AZ. Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Mortality in Women Aged 63 to 99. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018 May; 66(5): 886-894. PMCID: PMC5955801.
MS3301 - Bellettiere J, Healy GN, LaMonte MJ, Kerr J, Evenson KR, Rillamas-Sun E, Di C, Buchner DM, Hovell MF, and LaCroix AZ. Associations of sedentary time and diabetes in 6166 older women: The Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018 May. doi: 10.1093/gerona/gly101.
Data Dictionaries and Study Documentation
This section displays all study-related data dictionaries and study-related files. The investigators for this study will upload the datasets, data dictionaries, and other study-related files. Study-related files will be made available to the public one year after the completion of the ancillary study, with the exception of the datasets, which will only be available to those with a Data Distribution Agreement. Those will be available to those with permission to download and will appear as a download link next to the data dictionary
Data Dictionaries
Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Namef321_paq_inv.pdf | Description |
| NameOPACH Accelerometer Summary.pdf | Description |
| NameOPACH All Falls Listed.pdf | Description |
| NameOPACH Calendar Summary.pdf | Description |
| NameOPACH Sample Master Inventory.pdf | Description |
| Nameopach_falls_interviews_inv.pdf | Description |
Study Documents
Name | Description |
|---|---|
| NameAS286-Accelerometer Instructions - Eng 011012.pdf | Description |
| NameF321_PAQ_form.pdf | Description |
| NameOPACH_2012-2014_English_calendar_example.pdf | Description |
| NameOPACH_F322-Sleep_Log.pdf | Description |
| NameOPACH_Falls_Followup_Telephone_Survey.pdf | Description |
| NameStudy completion letter Eng V1 050113.pdf | Description |
Related Papers
The relationship of self-reported falls with self-reported physical activity and use of fall prevention strategies
Related Studies: 286
How age, BMI, and the sensitivity setting of accelerometers may influence accelerometer-based estimates of energy expenditure of walking in older women
Keywords: Accelerometer; Walking; Energy Expenditure; Physical Activity
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometer-measured sedentary patterns are associated with incident falls in older women
Keywords: Sedentary Time; Fall Prevention; Falls Efficacy; Fear Of Falling; Television Viewing
Related Studies: 286
Associations of sedentary behavior with cancer incidence and mortality among postmenopausal women
Keywords: Accelerometry; Cancer; Cohort Study; Physical Activity; Sedentary Behavior
Related Studies: 286
Calibrating the relationship between wrist accelerometry and intensity of physical activity in older women
Related Studies: 286
The relationship of objectively measured physical activity to physical performance in older women
Keywords: Accelerometer; Physical Function; Physical Performance; Physical Activity
Related Studies: 286
Identifying patterns of accelerometer-measured physical activity in older women using functional data analysis
Related Studies: 286
Hot deck multiple imputation for handling missing accelerometer data
Keywords: Physical Activity; Accelerometry; Missing Data; Imputation; Simulation
Related Studies: 286
Comparison of questionnaire and device measures of physical activity and sedentary behavior in a multi-ethnic cohort of older women
Keywords: Accelerometer; Physical Activity; Sedentary Behavior; Sitting
Related Studies: 286
Calibrating physical activity intensity for hip-worn accelerometry in women age 60 to 91 years: The Women's Health Initiative OPACH Calibration Study
We conducted a laboratory-based calibration study to determine relevant cutpoints for a hip-worn accelerometer among women =60 years, considering both type and filtering of counts.Two hundred women wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on their hip while performing eight laboratory-based activities. Oxygen uptake was measured using an Oxycon portable calorimeter. Accelerometer data were analyzed in 15-second epochs for both normal and low frequency extension (LFE) filters. Receiver operating cha...
Keywords: Physical Activity; Accelerometry; Exercise; Calibration
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometer-based prediction of fall risk in older women
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometer-measured steps per day, mortality, CVD, and diabetes: The OPACH Study
Keywords: Physical Activity; Accelerometer; Steps; Walking; Mortality
Related Studies: 286
Associations of steps per day and step intensity with the risk of cancer: Findings from the Women's Health Accelerometry Collaboration cohort
Objective: Accumulating more steps/day is associated with a lower risk of cancer mortality and composite cancer outcomes. However, less is known about the relationship of steps/day with the risk of multiple site-specific cancers. Methods: This study included >22,000 women from the Women's Health Accelerometry Collaboration Cohort (2011-2022), comprised of women from the Women's Health Study and Women's Health Initiative Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study. Steps/day and s...
Keywords: Physical Activity; Steps; Accelerometry; Cancer Incidence; Cancer Mortality
Related Studies: 286
Associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and physical activity-related cancer incidence in older women: results from the OPACH Study
Abstract BACKGROUND: We examined the associations between accelerometry-measured physical activity (PA) and incidence of 13 cancers among a cohort of postmenopausal women. METHODS: In this prospective study, 6382 women wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers at the hip for up to 7 days during 2012-2013, and were followed over a median of 4.7 years for diagnosis of 13 invasive cancers. Calibrated intensity cut points were used to define minutes per day of total, light and moderate-to-vigorous PA. We ...
Keywords: Physical Activity; Cancer; Incidence; Accelerometer; Healthy Aging
Related Studies: 286
Muscular strength is inversely associated with mortality independent of accelerometer measured activity and sedentary time: The OPACH study
Keywords: Muscular Strength; Physical Activity; Sedentary Behavior; Mortality; Accelerometer; Physical Functioning
Related Studies: 286
Short physical performance battery and incident cardiovascular events among older women
Keywords: Cardiovascular Disease; Short Physical Performance Battery; Mobility Disability; Frailty; Older Adults; Healthy Aging; Geriatric Cardiology
Related Studies: 286
Mediterranean diet and fatigue among community-dwelling postmenopausal women
We investigated cross-sectional relationships between the Mediterranean diet and overall fatigue, energy, and weariness scores among 4,563 women aged 65+ from the Women's Health Initiative study. We also used the Isocaloric Substitution approach to explore whether the substitution of fish for red and processed meat, whole for non-whole grains, and whole fruit for fruit juice relate to RAND-36 measured overall fatigue and its subdomains. The alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) Index quintiles (Q1...
Keywords: Fatigue; Mediterranean Diet; Bmi; Sppb; Physical Activity
Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and cancer risk
Keywords: Physical Activity; Sedentary Behavior; Accelerometry; Cancer Incidence; Cancer Mortality
Related Studies: 286
Associations of relative intensity of physical activity with all-cause mortality and incident cardiovascular outcomes
Keywords: Physical Activity; Relative Intensity; Self-Rated Exertion; Sedentary Behavior; Accelerometer; Mortality
Related Studies: 286
Rest-activity rhythms and cognitive impairment and dementia in older women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative
Introduction: Growing evidence suggests that impairment in rest-activity rhythms may be a risk factor for cognitive decline and impairment in the aging population. However, previous studies included only a limited set of rest-activity metrics and produced mixed findings. We studied a comprehensive set of parametric and nonparametric characteristics of rest-activity rhythms in relation to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable dementia in a cohort of older women. Methods: The prospective an...
Keywords: Rest-Activity Rhythms; Circadian Impairment; Cognitive Decline; Dementia; Mild Cognitive Decline; Postmenopausal Women
Sleep duration and cardiovascular incidence: examining CVD risk for older adult women in the Women’s Health Initiative
Keywords: Cardiovascular Risk; Sleep Duration; Accelerometers
Related Studies: 286
Racial and ethnic differences in fall rates and risk factors, characteristics, and outcomes for falls in older women
Keywords: Falls; Race/Ethnicity; Injury; Prevention; Older Women
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometer-measured daily steps, physical function, and subsequent fall risk in older women: The OPACH Study
Keywords: Falls; Steps Per Day; Physical Activity; Physical Functioning; Older Women
Related Studies: 286
Sedentary behavior and diabetes risk among women over the age of 65 years: The OPACH Study
Objective: To evaluate whether sedentary time (ST) and/or sedentary behavior patterns are related to incident diabetes in the U.S.'s oldest age-groups. Research design and methods: Women without physician-diagnosed diabetes (n = 4,839, mean ± SD age = 79 ± 7 years) wore accelerometers for ≥4 days and were followed up to 6 years for self-reported newly diagnosed diabetes requiring treatment with medications. Hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes were estimated across quartiles of acceleromete...
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometer-based predictive models of fall risk in older women: a pilot study
Keywords: Accelerometer; Physical Activity; Falls
Related Studies: 286
Association of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with mortality by genetic predisposition for longevity
Keywords: Physical Activity; Sedentary Behavior; Longevity; Mortality; Genetic Risk Score; Aging
Related Studies: 286
Associations of total sitting time and long sitting bouts with total and cardiovascular disease mortality among older women: Application of the Convolutional Neural Network Hip Accelerometer Posture (CHAP) algorithm to the OPACH Study
Keywords: Physical Activity; Sedentary Behavior; Mortality; Accelerometer; Questionnaire; Measurement
Related Studies: 286
The association of the short physical performance battery and incident heart failure among older women: The OPACH Study
Related Studies: 286
Calibration of an accelerometer activity index among older women and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors
Keywords: Physical Activity; Accelerometer; Biomarker; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Calibration
Related Studies: 286
The relationships among fall history, physical functional limitations, falls self-efficacy, and physical activity
Keywords: Falls; Fear Of Falling; Physical Activity; Injury; Exercise
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior and prospective falls in older women
Related Studies: 286
Associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with optimism and positive affect in older women
Keywords: Physical Activity; Optimism; Positive Affect; Sedentary Behavior; Older Women
Related Studies: 286
Robust functional principal component analysis via functional pairwise spatial signs
Keywords: Physical Activity; Accelerometer; Functional Data; Robust Methods; Principal Component Analysis
Related Studies: 286
Using functional data analysis to characterize dose-response relationships between step accumulation patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among older women
Keywords: Accelerometry; Older Adults; Step Cadence; Functional Data Analysis; Dose-Response Relationship
Related Studies: 286
Association of light physical activity measured by accelerometry and incidence of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease in older women
Abstract Importance: To our knowledge, no studies have examined light physical activity (PA) measured by accelerometry and heart disease in older women. Objective: To investigate whether higher levels of light PA were associated with reduced risks of coronary heart disease (CHD) or cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older women. Design, Setting, and Participants: Prospective cohort study of older women from baseline (March 2012 to April 2014) through February 28, 2017, for up to 4.91 years. The set...
Keywords: Physical Activity; Accelerometry; Cardiovascular Disease; Coronary Heart Disease; Opach
The accelerometer-measured physical activity and fatigue in older women
Keywords: Physical Activity; Fatigue; Obesity; Function; Sedentary
Related Studies: 286
Associations of accelerometer-based sedentary behavior measured using three different algorithms with cardiovascular risk factors in older women: the OPACH Study
Keywords: Sedentary Time; Chronic Conditions; Physical Function; Predictors
Related Studies: 286
Objective measures of physical activity in women ages 63-99 years
Keywords: Accelerometer; Physical Function; Aging
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometery-measured physical activity, sedentary behavior, and cognitive function in older adults: The Women’s Health Initiative- Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health in Older Women (OPACH) Study
Keywords: Physical Activity; Accelerometry; Exercise; Cognitive Function; Memory
Prospective associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary behavior, and healthy longevity: the Women’s Health Accelerometry Collaboration
Keywords: Late-Age Survival; Physical Function; Accelerometry; Mortality; Longevity
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Mortality Among Cancer Survivors: the Women’s Health Accelerometry Collaboration
Keywords: Accelerometry; Cancer Survivors; Physical Activity; Sedentary Behavior; Mortality
Related Studies: 286
Associations of daily steps and step intensity with incident diabetes in a prospective cohort study of older women: The OPACH study
Objective: The primary aim was to assess associations between total steps per day and incident diabetes, whereas the secondary aim was to assess whether the intensity and/or cadence of steps is associated with incident diabetes. Research design and methods: Women without physician-diagnosed diabetes (n = 4,838; mean [SD] age 78.9 [6.7] years) were followed up to 6.9 years; 395 developed diabetes. Hip-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers worn for 1 week enabled measures of total, light-intensity, ...
Keywords: Physical Activity; Accelerometer; Steps; Walking; Diabetes
Related Studies: 286
Association of accelerometer-measured sitting time and trajectories of physical functioning in older women: The OPACH Study
Keywords: Physical Function; Sedentary Behavior; Physical Activity; Older Women
Related Studies: 286
Cohort profile: The Women’s Health Accelerometry Collaboration
Purpose: This paper describes the Women's Health Accelerometry Collaboration, a consortium of two prospective cohort studies of women age 62 years or older, harmonised to explore the association of accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour with cancer incidence and mortality. Participants: A total of 23 443 women (age mean 73.4, SD 6.8) living in the USA and participating in an observational study were included; 17 061 from the Women's Health Study (WHS) and 6382 from the ...
Keywords: Physical Activity; Sedentary Behavior; Accelerometry; Cancer; Cohort Study
Related Studies: 286
Examining the role of longitudinal changes in accelerometer-measured physical activity in preventing cardiovascular disease with novel functional data analysis approaches
Keywords: Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd); Physical Activity; Longitudinal Study; Accelerometry; Functional Analysis; Riemann Manifold; Functional Principal Component Analysis
Evaluation of light physical activity measured by accelerometry and mobility disability during a 6-year follow-up in older women
Importance: Almost 1 in 4 women older than 65 years is unable to walk 2 to 3 blocks, and mobility disability is a key factor associated with loss of independence. Lack of moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity is associated with mobility disability, but whether lighter physical activity is associated with mobility disability is unknown. Objective: To determine the association of light-intensity physical activity and incident mobility disability among older women. Design, setting, and p...
Keywords: Physical Activity; Accelerometry; Mobility; Disability; Opach; Light Physical Activity
Modeling the cardiometabolic benefits of sleep in older women: Exploring the 24-hour day
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Activities throughout the day, including sleep, sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LIPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are independently associated with cardiometabolic health. Few studies have examined interrelationships between sleep and 24-hour activity and associations with cardiometabolic risk. The objective of this study is to understand how replacing time in SB, LIPA, or MVPA with sleep impacts cardiometabolic risk. METHODS: Women's He...
Keywords: Cvd Risk Biomarkers; Sleep Duration; Lifestyle Behaviors; Accelerometers; Isotemporal
Related Studies: 286
The relationship of accelerometer-assessed standing time with and without ambulation and mortality: The WHI OPACH Study
Keywords: Standing; Accelerometry; Cardiovascular Mortality; All-Cause Mortality; Machine Learning; Opach
Related Studies: 286
The objective physical activity and cardiovascular disease health in older women (OPACH) study
BACKGROUND: Limited evidence exists to inform physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior guidelines for older people, especially women. Rigorous evidence on the amounts, intensities, and movement patterns associated with better health in later life is needed. METHODS/DESIGN: The Objective PA and Cardiovascular Health (OPACH) Study is an ancillary study to the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Program that examines associations of accelerometer-assessed PA and sedentary behavior with cardiovascu...
Keywords: Accelerometer; Cardiovascular Disease; Falls; Mortality; Older Women; Physical Activity; Postmenopausal; Sedentary Behavior; Sleep
Related Studies: 286
Determinants, circumstances, and consequences of injurious falls in older women living in the community
OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors of women who fell with injury relative to women who did not fall or fell without injury and to describe the circumstances and consequences of injurious and non-injurious falls. METHODS: We analysed 5074 older women from the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study who prospectively tracked their falls using a 13-month calendar. Women with a reported fall were phone interviewed about fall-related details, including injuries. Risk factors ...
Keywords: Epidemiology; Fall; Older People; Planning
Related Studies: 286
Associations of sedentary time and diabetes in 6166 older women: the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health study
Background: We examined associations of sedentary time and sedentary accumulation patterns (i.e., how sedentary time is accumulated) with prevalent diabetes in an ethnically diverse cohort of older women. Methods: Community-dwelling women aged 63-99 (n=6,116; median age=79) wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers 24 hours/day for up to seven days from which we derived average daily sedentary time and three measures of sedentary accumulation patterns: breaks in sedentary time, usual sedentary bout du...
Keywords: Diabetes; Sedentary Behavior; Sedentary Accumulation Patterns; Older Adults; Healthy Aging
Related Studies: 286
Characterizing accelerometer-measured sitting bout duration by machine learning based functional data analysis methods with application to the OPACH Study
Keywords: Physical Activity; Accelerometer; Biomarker
Related Studies: 286
Association of walking pace with incident and fatal cancer: the Women’s Health Accelerometry Collaboration
Keywords: Walking Pace; Physical Activity; Exercise; Cancer Incidence; Cancer Mortality
Related Studies: 286
Sleep pattern clusters, physical function and fall risk: geriatric syndromes among older ambulatory women
Keywords: Circadian Rhythm; Sleep; Accelerometer; Aging; Gss
Related Studies: 286
Association of latent class accelerometry measures with incident and fatal cancer: the Women’s Health Accelerometry Collaboration
Keywords: Physical Activity; Accelerometry; Exercise; Sedentary Behavior; Latent Class Analysis; Cancer Incidence; Cancer Mortality
Related Studies: 286
Identifying multi-component patterns and correlates of raw accelerometry-assessed physical behaviors among postmenopausal women: The Women’s Health Accelerometry Collaboration
Keywords: Physical Activity; Accelerometry; Exercise; Sedentary Behavior; Latent Class Analysis
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometer-measured physical activity and mortality in women aged 63 to 99
OBJECTIVES: To prospectively examine associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) and mortality in older women, with an emphasis on light-intensity PA. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with baseline data collection between March 2012 and April 2014. SETTING: Women's Health Initiative cohort in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling women aged 63 to 99 (N = 6,382). MEASUREMENTS: Minutes per day of usual PA measured using hip-worn triaxial accelerometers, physica...
Keywords: Physical Activity; Sedentary Behavior; Mortality; Healthy Aging; Survival
Related Studies: 286
Diurnal patterns of sedentary behavior and changes in physical function over time among older women: a prospective cohort study
Background: Sedentary behavior (SB) is linked to negative health outcomes in older adults. Most studies use summary values, e.g., total sedentary minutes/day. Diurnal timing of SB accumulation may further elucidate SB-health associations. Methods: Six thousand two hundred four US women (mean age = 79 ± 7; 50% White, 34% African-American) wore accelerometers for 7-days at baseline, yielding 41,356 person-days with > 600 min/day of data. Annual follow-up assessments of health, including physical f...
Keywords: Physical Functioning; Sedentary Behavior; Sedentary Accumulation Patterns; Older Adults; Healthy Aging
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometer-derived daily life movement classified by machine-learning and incidence of CVD in older women: The OPACH Study
Background Current physical activity guidelines focus on volume and intensity for CVD prevention rather than common behaviors responsible for movement, including those for daily living activities. We examined the associations of a machine-learned, accelerometer-measured behavior termed daily life movement (DLM) with incident CVD. Methods and Results Older women (n=5416; mean age, 79±7 years; 33% Black, 17% Hispanic) in the Women's Health Initiative OPACH (Objective Physical Activity and Cardiova...
Keywords: Standing; Daily Life Movement; Accelerometry; Machine Learning; Hard Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd) Outcomes; Cvd Mortality; Total Cvd Mortality; Opach
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometer-measured physical activity and incident atrial fibrillation in older women
Keywords: Accelerometer; Atrial Fibrillation; Cvd; Physical Activity; Medicare Claims
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometer-measured machine-learned sedentary behavior in relation to maintaining mobility over 9 years of follow-up: the OPACH Study
Keywords: Sedentary Behavior; Incident Mobility Disability; Accelerometer; Epidemiology; Public Health
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometer-measured moderate to vigorous physical activity and incidence rates of falls in older women
OBJECTIVES: To examine whether moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured using accelerometry is associated with incident falls and whether associations differ according to physical function or history of falls. DESIGN: Prospective study with baseline data collection from 2012 to 2014 and 1 year of follow-up. SETTING: Women's Health Initiative participants living in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Ambulatory women aged 63 to 99 (N = 5,545). MEASUREMENTS: Minutes of MVPA per day meas...
Keywords: Accelerometer; Cohort Study; Falls; Older Adults; Physical Activity
Related Studies: 286
Correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior among cancer survivors and Cancer-Free Women: The Women’s Health Accelerometry Collaboration
Background: Describing correlates of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among postmenopausal cancer survivors can help identify risk profiles and can be used to support development of targeted interventions to improve PA and reduce SB in this population. Objective: To describe PA/SB and identify correlates of PA/SB among cancer and cancer-free post-menopausal women. Methods: Women from the Women's Health Study (N = 16,629) and Women's Health Initiative/Objective Physical Activity...
Keywords: Physical Activity; Sedentary Behavior; Accelerometry; Cancer Survivors; Correlates
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sitting with incident mild cognitive impairment or probable dementia among older women
Introduction: Physical activity (PA) is prospectively inversely associated with dementia risk, but few studies examined accelerometer measures of PA and sitting with rigorously-adjudicated mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia risk.
Methods: We examined the associations of accelerometer measures (PA and sitting) with incident MCI/probable dementia in the Women's Health Initiative (n = 1277; mean age = 82 ± 6 years) RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 4.2 years, 267 MCI/probable dementia c...
Keywords: Physical Activity; Sedentary Behavior; Cognitive Impairment; Dementia; Epidemiology
The association of accelerometer-classified standing time with and without ambulation cancer incidence and mortality in the Women’s Health Accelerometry Collaboration
Keywords: Physical Activity; Accelerometry; Tlbc; Standing; Daily Life Movement; Cancer Incidence; Cancer Mortality
Related Studies: 286
Associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior with incident clinical osteoporotic fractures among older women: the OPACH study
Objective: The objective was to determine whether baseline fatty acid intake and erythrocyte omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can predict risk for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in older women. Methods: This was a prospective analysis of 34,990 women in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Dietary fatty acids were estimated from food frequency questionnaires. Imputed erythrocyte PUFAs were available in a sub-cohort of 3428 women. Arthroplast...
Keywords: Hip Fracture; Fracture; Osteoporotic Fracture; Physical Activity; Sedentary Behavior; Accelerometer; Opach
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometry-assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns using single and multi-component latent class analysis among postmenopausal women
Background: Patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior among postmenopausal women are not well characterized. Objectives: To describe the patterns of accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior among postmenopausal women. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Women 63-97 years (n = 6126) wore an ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometer on their hip for 1 week. Latent class analysis was used to classify women by patterns of percent of wake time in physical activity and seden...
Keywords: Physical Activity; Accelerometry; Exercise; Sedentary Behavior; Latent Class Analysis
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary time and heart failure risk in women ages 63-99 years
Importance: Heart failure (HF) prevention is paramount to public health in the 21st century. Objective: To examine incident HF and its subtypes with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced EF (HFrEF) according to accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time. Design, setting, and participants: This was a prospective cohort study, the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health (OPACH) in Older Women study, conducted from March 2012 to April 2014. Included in ...
Keywords: Physical Activity; Heart Failure; Sedentary Behavior; Cardiovascular Disease; Accelerometer; Prospective Study; Prevention
Related Studies: 286
Associations of objectively measured physical activity and incident of cardiovascular events in older diabetic women: The OPACH Study
Keywords: Cardiovascular Event; Diabetes; Physical Activity; Accelerometer; Opach
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometer-measured physical activity and postmenopausal breast cancer incidence in the Women's Health Accelerometry Collaboration
Background: Few studies have examined accelerometer-measured physical activity and incident breast cancer (BC). Thus, this study examined associations between accelerometer-measured vector magnitude counts per 15 seconds (VM/15s) and average daily minutes of light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and total PA (TPA) and BC risk among women in the Women's Health Accelerometry Collaboration (WHAC).
Methods: The WHAC comprised 21,089 postmenopausal women (15,375 from the Wome...
Keywords: Physical Activity; Breast Cancer; Incidence; Accelerometer; Cancer Prevention And Control
Related Studies: 286
Influence of physical activity measurement on the association between Life's Essential 8 and incident cardiovascular disease in older women
Objective: The American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 (LE8) metric includes self-reported physical activity as one of the metrics for assessing cardiovascular health. Self-reported physical activity is prone to misclassification, whereas accelerometer measures are less biased. We examined associations of LE8 and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) using self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity. Methods: Participants in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Objective Ph...
Keywords: Physical Activity; Life’S Simple 7; Cardiovascular Disease; Older Women; Accelerometer
Sedentary Behaviors and Venous Thromboembolism Risk among Older Women: the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health (OPACH) Study
Background: Venous stasis, which can occur with prolonged sedentary behavior (SB), is associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, but VTE risk associated with accelerometer-measured SB has not been quantified. Objectives: To evaluate accelerometer-based measures of SB in relation to incident VTE. Methods: We included 5,591 participants, aged 63-99 years, of the Women's Health Initiative Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health cohort study without prior VTE. Between May 2012-...
Keywords: Venous Thromboembolism; Deep Vein Thrombosis; Pulmonary Embolism; Physical Activity; Sedentary Behavior; Accelerometer
Related Studies: 286
Parameterizing and validating existing algorithms for identifying out-of-bed time using hip-worn accelerometer data from older adults
OBJECTIVE: To parameterize and validate two existing algorithms for identifying out-of-bed time using 24-hour hip-worn accelerometer data from older women. APPROACH: Overall, 628 women (80±6 years old) wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers 24 hours/day for up to 7 days and concurrently completed sleep-logs. Trained staff used a validated visual analysis protocol to measure in-bed periods on accelerometer tracings (criterion). The Tracy and McVeigh algorithms were adapted for optimal use in older a...
Keywords: Accelerometer Data Analysis; Automated Sleep-Time Algorithm; Sedentary Behavior; Physical Activity; Data Processing
Related Studies: 286
Sedentary behavior and cardiovascular disease in older women: The Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health (OPACH) Study
Background: Evidence that higher sedentary time is associated with higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is based mainly on self-reported measures. Few studies have examined whether patterns of sedentary time are associated with higher risk for CVD. Methods: Women from the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health (OPACH) Study (n=5638, aged 63-97, mean age=79±7) with no history of myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke wore accelerometers for 4-to-7 days and were followed for u...
Keywords: Patterns Of Sedentary Behavior; Aging; Epidemiology; Lifestyle; Physical Activity; Sedentary Time
Related Studies: 286
Accelerometer-measured sleep duration and clinical cardiovascular risk factor scores in older women
BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that short and long sleep durations are potential lifestyle factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Research on sleep duration and CVD risk is limited by use of self-report sleep measures, homogeneous populations, and studies on individual CVD risk factors. For women, risk of CVD and inadequate sleep duration increases with age. We hypothesized that accelerometer-measured sleep duration was associated with 10-year predicted probability of future CVD ri...
Keywords: Cardiovascular Risk; Sleep Duration; Accelerometers
Related Studies: 286
Hypertension treatment and control and risk of falls in older women
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A lower risk of falls is commonly cited as a reason to treat hypertension conservatively in older individuals. We examined the effect of hypertension treatment and control status and measured blood pressure (BP) level on the risk of falls in older women. DESIGN/SETTING: Prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 5971 women (mean age 79 years; 50.4% white, 33.1% black, 16.5% Hispanic/Latina) enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative and Objective Physical Activity a...
Keywords: Hypertension; Antihypertensive; Blood Pressure; Falls
Both light intensity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity measured by accelerometry are favorably associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in older women: The Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health (OPACH) Study
BACKGROUND: The relationship between light intensity physical activity (PA), which is common in older adults, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is unclear. This study examined associations of accelerometer-measured PA intensity with CVD risk factors in older women of different race-ethnicities. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted in 4832 women (mean age 78.9 years; 52.5% white, 30.5% black, 17.1% Hispanic) who were without known CVD and wore triaxial accelero...
Keywords: Aging; Coronary Heart Disease; Exercise; Risk Factor
Related Studies: 286
An activity index for raw accelerometry data and its comparison with other activity metrics
Accelerometers have been widely deployed in public health studies in recent years. While they collect high-resolution acceleration signals (e.g., 10-100 Hz), research has mainly focused on summarized metrics provided by accelerometers manufactures, such as the activity count (AC) by ActiGraph or Actical. Such measures do not have a publicly available formula, lack a straightforward interpretation, and can vary by software implementation or hardware type. To address these problems, we propose the...
Keywords: Physical Activity; Accelerometer; Biomarker
Related Studies: 286
Development and application of an automated algorithm to identify a window of consecutive days of accelerometer wear for large-scale studies
Some accelerometer studies ask participants to document in a daily log when the device was worn. These logs are used to inform the window of consecutive days to extract from the accelerometer for analysis. Logs can be missing or inaccurate, which can introduce bias in the data. To mitigate this bias, we developed a simple computer algorithm that used data within the accelerometer to identify the window of consecutive wear days. To evaluate the algorithm's performance, we compared how well it agr...
Keywords: Accelerometer; Validity; Algorithm; Agreement
Related Studies: 286
