AS244 - Women's Health Initiative memory study epidemiology of cognitive health (WHIMS-ECHO)

Investigator Names and Contact Information

Stephen Rapp (srapp@wakehealth.edu)

Introduction/Intent

WHI Epidemiology of Cognitive Health Outcomes (ECHO; WHI Study #AS244, WHIMS ECHO)

2008 – 2021

N~2,900

Women who were previously enrolled in the WHIMS Extension were recruited for WHIMS ECHO beginning in 2008. Instead of face-to-face evaluation, participants underwent an annual centralized, validated cognitive telephone interview for tracking changes in cognitive status (Rapp et al., 2012). The interview is comprised of a neuropsychological battery including a global cognitive screener (modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status, known as the TICSm) and additional neuropsychological tests. A score <30 triggers the collection of the Dementia Questionnaire from the proxy. As in WHIMS, all information is submitted to the central adjudication panel for classification (Dementia, MCI, No Impairment).

Related Papers

Chocolate consumption in relation to global cognitive function and incident dementia in women: The Women’s Health Initiative

Approved Proposal, Sun, Yangbo et al., 2018/12 MSID: 3759
Keywords: Chocolate Consumption; Cognitive Function; Dementia; Longitudinal
Related Studies: 39, 244

Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential and the risk of mild cognitive impairment or probable dementia in the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study

Approved Proposal, Hayden, Kathleen et al., 2019/12 MSID: 4067
Keywords: Mild Cognitive Impairment; Probable Dementia; Risk Factor; Clonal Hematopoiesis Of Indeterminate Potential
Related Studies: 39, 233, 244, 564, 628

Associations of risk factors with transitional states from normal cognition to MCI to dementia among post-menopausal women

Approved Proposal, Armstrong, Nicole et al., 2021/9 MSID: 4554
Keywords: Dementia; Parity; Hypertension; Obesity; Hormone Therapy
Related Studies: 39, 233, 244

Sensory impairment and transitional states in progression of dementia

Approved Proposal, Brenowitz, Willa et al., 2021/8 MSID: 4555
Keywords: Dementia; Hearing Impairment; Vision Impairment; Mild Cognitive Impairment; Dual Sensory Impairment
Related Studies: 39, 233, 244

Long term global cognitive function and cognitive impairment among post menopausal women with history of migraine: WHIMS

Approved Proposal, Irby, Megan Bennett et al., 2020/12 MSID: 4316
Keywords: Migraine; Headache; Cognition; Cognitive Impairment; Cognitive Decline
Related Studies: 39, 244

Accelerometery-measured physical activity, sedentary behavior, and cognitive function in older adults: The Women’s Health Initiative- Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health in Older Women (OPACH) Study

Approved Proposal, Palta, Priya et al., 2016/2 MSID: 2969
Keywords: Physical Activity; Accelerometry; Exercise; Cognitive Function; Memory
Related Studies: 244, 262, 286

Determinants of latent profiles of home environmental modifications use in older women

Approved Proposal, Beavers, Daniel et al., 2015/12 MSID: 2928
Keywords: Aging; Home Environmental Modifications; Functional Independence; Disability; Latent Class Analysis
Related Studies: 244

Which biological pathways govern motherhood-related Alzheimer’s Disease resilience

Approved Proposal, Fox, Molly et al., 2024/7 MSID: 5135
Keywords: Reproductive History; Gravidity; Breastfeeding; Alzheimer’S Disease; Neuroimaging; Proteomics; Biomarkers
Related Studies: 103, 183, 233, 244, 712, W64

Testing for interactions between menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and genetics on dementia

Approved Proposal, Duncan, Laramie et al., 2024/5 MSID: 5065
Keywords: Dementia; Alzheimer’S Disease; Menopause; Menopausal Hormone Therapy; Genetics; Apoe; Polygenic Risk
Related Studies: 233, 244, 262

Concurrent and longitudinal relationships between cognitive activity, cognitive performance, and brain volume in older adult women

Anne Leslie Vaughan et al., 2014/9 PubMed #25209372 MSID: 1781
We investigated (a) cross-sectional associations between cognitive activity, cognitive performance, and MRI measures and (b) longitudinal associations between cognitive activity and change in cognitive performance, using structural equation modeling (SEM).Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) Extension participants who continued annual neuropsychological assessments by telephone and completed a concurrent questionnaire of cognitive activities and MRI scans were included (mean age = 81.4...
Keywords: Activity Engagement; Cognition; Mri; Aging; Structural Equation Modeling
Related Studies: 244

The relationship between KLOTHO, dementia incidence and cognitive function

Approved Proposal, Driscoll, Ira et al., 2020/9 MSID: 4272
Keywords: Dementia; Mci; Cognitive Impairment; Resilience; Genetic Risk; Memory; Executive Function
Related Studies: 39, 103, 233, 244

Portfolio diet, cognitive impairment and dementia in postmenopausal women: results from Women’s Health Initiative memory study

Approved Proposal, Lo, Kenneth et al., 2018/9 MSID: 3699
Keywords: Dementia; Mild Cognitive Impairment; Memory Study; Portfolio Diet; Food Frequency Questionnaire; Dietary Pattern
Related Studies: 39, 244

Associations of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers and comorbidities in older women: Data from the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study

Approved Proposal, Mielke, Michelle et al., 2022/8 MSID: 4745
Keywords: Alzheimer’S Disease; Blood Based Biomarkers; Abeta; Ptau; Gfap; Nfl
Related Studies: 39, 233, 244, 615, 637, 659

Association of visual impairment with risk of incident dementia in a Women's Health Initiative population

Suzann Pershing et al., 2020/4 PubMed #32297918 MSID: 3718
Importance: Dementia affects a large and growing population of older adults. Although past studies suggest an association between vision and cognitive impairment, there are limited data regarding longitudinal associations of vision with dementia. Objective: To evaluate associations between visual impairment and risk of cognitive impairment. Design, setting, and participants: A secondary analysis of a prospective longitudinal cohort study compared the likelihood of incident dementia or mild cogni...
Keywords: Visual Impairment; Vision; Cognitive Function; Dementia; Alzheimer’S Disease
Related Studies: 39, 62, 233, 244, W35

Alzheimer's diagnoses in older adults with chronic conditions (ADACC) network

Approved Proposal, Mielke, Michelle et al., 2022/9 MSID: 4797
Keywords: Alzheimer’S Disease; Blood Based Biomarkers; Abeta; P-Tau; Nfl; Comorbidities
Related Studies: 39, 233, 244, 659

Cognitive resilience among APOE e4 carriers in the oldest old

Kathleen Hayden et al., 2019/8 PubMed #31418472 MSID: 3353
OBJECTIVE: Relatively few APOE e4+ carriers survive to old age (age 80+) without cognitive impairment (CI), thus little is known about distinguishing characteristics of resilient APOE e4+ carriers. Herein we describe the sociodemographic characteristics of a large sample of resilient APOE e4+ women from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) and compare them to non-carriers and APOE e4+ women who developed CI before age 80. METHODS: Women were recruited for clinical trials evaluating...
Keywords: Apoe; Cognitive Decline; Cognitive Resilience; Mild Cognitive Impairment; Dementia; Alzheimer’S Disease
Related Studies: 39, 233, 244

Adherence to MIND Diet, genetic susceptibility, and incident dementia in three US cohorts

Marilyn Cornelis et al., 2022/7 PubMed #35807939 MSID: 4444
Adherence to Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) may lower the risk of dementia by impacting immunity and cholesterol, which are pathways also implicated by genome-wide association studies of Alzheimer's Dementia (AD). We examined whether adherence to the MIND diet could modify the association of genetic risk for AD with incident dementia. We used three ongoing US cohorts: Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP, n = 2449), Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP, n...
Keywords: Mind; Cognitive Decline; Clinical Trial; Genetics; Alzheimer’S Disease
Related Studies: 39, 233, 244

Association of global cognitive function with psychological distress and adherence to public health recommendations during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Women’s Health Initiative

Aladdin Shadyab et al., 2022/3 PubMed #35235646 MSID: 4393
Background: The association of cognitive function with symptoms of psychological distress during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic or adherence to COVID-19 protective health behaviors is not well understood. Methods: We examined 2,890 older women from the Women's Health Initiative cohort. Pre-pandemic (i.e., within 12 months prior to pandemic onset) and peri-pandemic global cognitive function scores were assessed with the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-m). Anxiety...
Keywords: Covid-19; Cognitive Function; Psychological Distress; Depression; Anxiety; Stress; Older Women
Related Studies: 244, 495, 548

Driving with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: cognitive test performance and proxy report of daily life function in older women

Anne Leslie Vaughan et al., 2015/9 PubMed #26338449 MSID: 1748
To investigate associations between proxy report of cognitive and functional limitations and cognitive performance and current or former driving status in older women with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and all-cause dementia.Cross-sectional data analysis of retrospectively identified older women with adjudicated MCI and all-cause dementia in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study-Epidemiology of Cognitive Health Outcomes (WHIMS-ECHO).Academic medical center.Women (mean age ± standard devia...
Keywords: Driving; Dementia; Cognitive Impairment; Proxy
Related Studies: 244

Adverse pregnancy outcomes and the risk of cognitive impairment: a prospective analysis of the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study

Approved Proposal, Li, Qianqing et al., 2025/1 MSID: 5244
Keywords: Dementia; Cognitive Impairment; Pregnancy Outcome; Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy; Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; The Women'S Health Initiative.
Related Studies: 244

Exploring the Association of Dietary Fiber Intake and Prebiotic Supplement Use with Cognitive Impairment in Postmenopausal Women

Approved Proposal, Polston, Parker et al., 2024/8 MSID: 5177
Keywords: Fiber; Prebiotic; Dementia; Cognitive Impairment; Diet
Related Studies: 39, 233, 244

Objectively defined subtle cognitive decline (OBJ-SCD) and associations with air pollution

Approved Proposal, Petkus, Andrew J. et al., 2022/12 MSID: 4843
Keywords: Air Pollution; Cognitive Aging; Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mild Cognitive Impairment; And Alzheimer’S Disease And Related Dementia
Related Studies: 39, 103, 183, 244, 252

Plasma oxysterols are associated with serum lipids and dementia risk in older women

Michelle Dunk et al., 2024/4 PubMed #38574442 MSID: 4587
Introduction: Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) carriers' tendency toward hypercholesterolemia may contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk through oxysterols, which traverse the blood-brain barrier. Methods: Relationships between baseline plasma oxysterols, APOE status, serum lipids, and cognitive impairment risk were examined in 328 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. Women were followed for 25 years or until incident dementia or cognitive impairment. Results: Leve...
Keywords: Oxysterols; Blood Lipids; Apoe Gene; Dementia; Alzheimer’S Disease
Related Studies: 39, 233, 244

Artificially sweetened beverages, stroke, coronary heart disease, and all-cause mortality in the Women's Health Initiative

Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani et al., 2019/3 PubMed #30802187 MSID: 3373
Background and Purpose- We examine the association between self-reported consumption of artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) and stroke and its subtypes, coronary heart disease, and all-cause mortality in a cohort of postmenopausal US women. Methods- The analytic cohort included 81 714 women from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, a multicenter longitudinal study of the health of 93 676 postmenopausal women of ages 50 to 79 years at baseline who enrolled in 1993 to 1998. This p...
Keywords: Dementia; Soft Drinks; Diet Soda; Artificial And Sweetened Beverages; Stroke; Sugar
Related Studies: 39, 233, 244, 262

Body mass index trajectory and the modification effect of age and APOE genotype on the risk of incident cognitive impairment in women aged 65 and older

Approved Proposal, Liu, Longjian et al., 2023/2 MSID: 4864
Keywords: Bmi; Apoe; Mci; Dementia; Aging
Related Studies: 39, 233, 244, W63

Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sitting with incident mild cognitive impairment or probable dementia among older women

Steve Nguyen et al., 2023/1 PubMed #36695426 MSID: 4340
Introduction: Physical activity (PA) is prospectively inversely associated with dementia risk, but few studies examined accelerometer measures of PA and sitting with rigorously-adjudicated mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia risk. Methods: We examined the associations of accelerometer measures (PA and sitting) with incident MCI/probable dementia in the Women's Health Initiative (n = 1277; mean age = 82 ± 6 years) RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 4.2 years, 267 MCI/probable dementia c...
Keywords: Physical Activity; Sedentary Behavior; Cognitive Impairment; Dementia; Epidemiology
Related Studies: 244, 286, W64

Association of social support with mild cognitive impairment and dementia among older women: Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study

Alexander Posis et al., 2023/undefined PubMed #36565123 MSID: 4496
Background: Social support may be a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment. However, few long-term, large prospective studies have examined associations of various forms of social support with incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.Objective: To examine associations of perceived social support with incident MCI and dementia among community-dwelling older women. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 6,670 women from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study who ...
Keywords: Social Support; Mild Cognitive Impairment; Dementia; Mediation Analysis; Inverse Probability Weighting
Related Studies: 39, 244

Association between purpose in life, personal growth, and risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia

Approved Proposal, Luo, Juhua et al., 2025/3 MSID: 5255
Keywords: Purpose In Life; Personal Growth; Mild Cognitive Impairment; Dementia; Mediation Analysis; Well-Being
Related Studies: 244

Plasma proteins related to inflammatory diet predict future cognitive impairment

Michael Duggan et al., 2023/2 PubMed #36737481 MSID: 4396
Dysregulation of the immune system and dietary patterns that increase inflammation can increase the risk for cognitive decline, but the mechanisms by which inflammatory nutritional habits may affect the development of cognitive impairment in aging are not well understood. To determine whether plasma proteins linked to inflammatory diet predict future cognitive impairment, we applied high-throughput proteomic assays to plasma samples from a subset (n = 1528) of Women's Health Initiative Memory St...
Keywords: Inflammation; Dementia; Alzheimer’S Disease; Proteomics; Diet
Related Studies: 39, 103, 183, 233, 244, 262, 615

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and associated neuropsychiatric conditions

Approved Proposal, Suresh, Sunitha et al., 2023/4 MSID: 4924
Keywords: Hypertensive Disorder Of Pregnancy; Neurocognitive Dysfunction; Depression; Anxiety; Preeclampsia; Eclampsia
Related Studies: 39, 244, 548

Association between blood pressure levels and cognitive impairment in older women: a prospective analysis of the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study

Longjian Liu et al., 2022/1 PubMed #35112096 MSID: 4161
Background: Whether blood pressure (BP), and at what level of controlled BP, reduces risk of cognitive impairment remains uncertain. We investigated the association of BP and hypertension treatment status with mild cognitive impairment and dementia in older women. Methods: We prospectively analysed a sample of 7207 community-dwelling women aged 65-79 years participating in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS). Participants were recruited between May 28, 1996, and Dec 13, 1999, at 3...
Keywords: Blood Pressure; Cognitive Function; Dementia
Related Studies: 39, 183, 233, 244

Cognitive function and dementia risk among women with and without a history of cancer: Findings from the Women’s Health Initiative Life and Longevity After Cancer (LILAC) Study

Approved Proposal, Van Dyk, Kathleen et al., 2024/4 MSID: 4997
Keywords: Cancer; Cognition; Cancer Survivorship; Dementia
Related Studies: 233, 244, 370

Long-term effects on cognitive trajectories of postmenopausal hormone therapy in two age groups

Mark Espeland et al., 2017/1 PubMed #27506836 MSID: 2779
BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal hormone therapy may have long-term effects on cognitive function depending on women's age. METHODS: Postintervention follow-up was conducted with annual cognitive assessments of two randomized controlled clinical trial cohorts, beginning an average of 6-7 years after study medications were terminated: 1,376 women who had enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative when aged 50-54 years and 2,880 who had enrolled when aged 65-79 years. Women had been randomly assigned to ...
Keywords: Hormone Therapy; Cognitive Decline; Aging; Risk Factors For Cognitive Decline
Related Studies: 244, 262

The association between an inflammatory diet and global cognitive function and incident dementia in older women: The Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS)

Kathleen Hayden et al., 2017/5 PubMed #28531379 MSID: 2729
INTRODUCTION: The Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diets have been associated with lower dementia risk. We evaluated dietary inflammatory potential in relation to mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia risk. METHODS: Baseline food frequency questionnaires from n = 7085 women (aged 65-79 years) were used to calculate Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores that were categorized into four groups. Cognitive function was evaluated annually, and MCI and all-cause dementia c...
Keywords: Inflammatory Diet; Global Cognitive Function; Dementia; Older Women
Related Studies: 39, 244

Dementia outcomes after addition of proxy-based assessments for deceased or proxy-dependent participants

Sarah Gaussoin et al., 2019/4 PubMed #31034676 MSID: 3318
OBJECTIVES: As people age and the incidence of dementia increases, studies of cognitive function continue to be of importance. Ascertaining cognitive data through different mechanisms is necessary to address missing data concerns. METHODS: The Dementia Questionnaire (DQ), which utilizes proxy-based assessments, is a potential tool to determine cognitive status in participants no longer being followed per traditional study protocol. The DQ is currently being used in the Supplemental Case Ascertai...
Keywords: Attrition; Cognitive Impairment; Dementia; Missing Data
Related Studies: 39, 233, 244

Patterns of home environmental modification use and functional health: The Women's Health Initiative

Daniel Beavers et al., 2020/10 PubMed #31837269 MSID: 2927
Background: We examined common patterns of home environmental modification (HEM) use and associated major (including disability-, cardiovascular-, and cancer-related) health conditions and events among older women. Methods: Women, aged 78.6 ± 6.3 years (n = 71,257), self-reported utilization of nine types of HEMs (hand rails, grab bars, ramps, nonslip surfaces, tacking carpets/rugs, decreasing clutter, increasing lighting, raised sink/counter heights, other). Concurrent history of major health ...
Keywords: Aging; Home Environmental Modifications; Functional Independence; Disability; Latent Class Analysis
Related Studies: 244

Patterns of home environmental modification use and functional health: The Women’s Health Initiative

Laura M. Welti et al., 2019/12 PubMed #31837269 MSID: 2929
Abstract BACKGROUND: We examined common patterns of home environmental modification (HEM) use and associated major (including disability-, cardiovascular-, and cancer-related) health conditions and events among older women. METHODS: Women, age 78.6±6.3 years (n=71,257), self-reported utilization of 9 types of HEMs (hand rails, grab bars, ramps, non-slip surfaces, tacking carpets/rugs, decreasing clutter, increasing lighting, raised sink/counter heights, other). Concurrent history of major health...
Keywords: Aging; Home Environmental Modifications; Functional Independence; Disability; Longitudinal; Latent Class Analysis
Related Studies: 244