W58 - CVD, diabetes, and renal biomarkers in the EA HT Cohort

Investigator Names and Contact Information

Introduction/Intent

In 2009 WHI approved measuring glucose, insulin, fasting lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and calculated LDL), CRP and creatinine in 12,000 African American and Hispanic women in the SHARe cohort (core study W54). The goal of the proposal was to measure biomarkers without which WHI is hampered in risk prediction for major cardiovascular disease.

To have a comparable sample of non-minority women, this core study will measure the same biomarkers in baseline bloods from 12,000 additional non-minority HT participants. The sampling scheme will ensure that measurements are performed in the most informative and representative cohort. See sample selection documentation under Study Documentation

As described, W58 – EA HT Biomarkers becomes part of a set of Core Studies that provide both GWAS and Biomarker data on approximately 22,000 women: 8,815 African Americans, 3,642 Hispanics, and 10,260 selected European Americans (EA) in the Hormone Trial (HT). Note that not all cases in M13-GARNET have corresponding biomarkers.

GWAS1

Study IDDescription#3
M5 - SHARe8,515 Black + 3,641 Hispanic12,007
M13 - GARNET4HT with CHD, stroke, VTE, diabetes, and matching controls (excludes those in SHARe; includes 1,400 from WHIMS)4,684
W63 - WHIMS+WHIMS (excludes 1,400 EA HT in GARNET)4,661
W63 - WHIMS+not GARNET, not WHIMS61,178

Biomarkers2

Study IDDescription#3
W54 - SHARe CVD BiomarkersSame as M5-SHARe12,007
W58 - EA HT BiomarkersAll GARNET controls plus random selection of GARNET cases5 (excludes all WHIMS)3,067
"All WHIMS (includes 1,400 from GARNET and 4,661 from WHIMS+)6,061
"not GARNET, not WHIMS61,178

1 - dbGaP eligible

2 - insulin, glucose, CRP, creatinine, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride

3 - Approximate number of sample results

4 - Number of participants with GWAS is about 5,060; not all cases had CVD biomarkers done in W58.

5 - Not all participants with GWAS in M13-GARNET have biomarkers; instead the 'not GARNET, not WHIMS' participants were added.

6 - Random selection of HT participants by age was added to provide a more balanced cross-section of HT participants

Results

Biomarkers were tested at the Advanced Research and Diagnostic Lab at the University of Minnesota (assay methodologies) Data available on this site Here.

Publications:

See publications: WHI publications by study lists published WHI papers that have been generated by ancillary studies. A complete list of WHI papers is available in the Papers of this website.

Data Dictionaries and Study Documentation

This section displays all study-related data dictionaries and study-related files. The investigators for this study will upload the datasets, data dictionaries, and other study-related files. Study-related files will be made available to the public one year after the completion of the ancillary study, with the exception of the datasets, which will only be available to those with a Data Distribution Agreement. Those will be available to those with permission to download and will appear as a download link next to the data dictionary

Data Dictionaries

Name
Description
No results found

Study Documents

Name
Description
NameW58 selection summary 05032011 (2).pdfDescription

Related Papers

Social relationships, inflammation markers, and breast cancer incidence in the Women's Health Initiative

Evan Busch et al., 2018/3 PubMed #29614476 MSID: 2272
OBJECTIVES: Previous research has reported associations between social relationships and carcinogenesis. Inflammation is a potential mediator of these associations. To clarify these links for one tumor site, we examined associations between social relationships, circulating inflammation markers, and breast cancer incidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 132,262 participants from the prospective Women's Health Initiative, we used linear and logistic regression to evaluate associations between soci...
Keywords: Breast Cancer; Etiology; Incidence; Inflammation; Mediation; Social Relationship Characteristics
Related Studies: W54, W58

Genetic variant by environment interactions in cardiovascular-related phenotypes and incident cardiovascular disease

Approved Proposal, Patel, Chirag J. et al., 2013/1 MSID: 2024
Keywords: Gene-By-Environment Interaction; Genome-Wide Association Study; Environment-Wide Association Study; Cardiovascular Disease
Related Studies: M5, M13, W58, W63

DXA versus clinical measures of adiposity as predictors of cardiometabolic diseases and all-cause mortality in postmenopausal women

Deepika Laddu-Patel et al., 2021/8 PubMed #34479738 MSID: 2624
Objective: To investigate whether dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) estimates of adiposity improve risk prediction for cardiometabolic diseases over traditional surrogates, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in older women. Patients and methods: We analyzed up to 9744 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years participating in the Women's Health Initiative who underwent a DXA scan and were free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes at baseline (Oct...
Keywords: Trunk Fat; Cardiovasular Outcomes; Postmenopausal Women
Related Studies: M5, W58

Relation of pregnancy loss to risk of cardiovascular disease in parous postmenopausal women (from the Women’s Health Initiative)

Philip Hall et al., 2019/2 PubMed #30871746 MSID: 3204
Women with history of pregnancy loss (PL) have higher burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life, yet it is unclear whether this is attributable to an association with established CVD risk factors (RFs). We examined whether PL is associated with CVD RFs and biomarkers in parous postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative, and whether the association between PL and CVD RFs accounted for the association between PL and incident CVD. Linear and logistic regressions were used to e...
Keywords: Pregnancy Loss; Cardiovascular Risk Factors; Inflammatory Biomarkers; Hemostatic Biomarkers; Diabetes
Related Studies: W1, W54, W58

Insulin level and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma among postmenopausal women in The Women’s Health Initiative

Approved Proposal, Peila, Rita et al., 2016/11 MSID: 3202
Keywords: Insulin; Type 2 Diabetes; Inflammation; C-Reactive Protein; Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Adiposity, history of diabetes, and risk of pancreatic cancer in postmenopausal women

Rhonda Arthur et al., 2018/9 PubMed #30449532 MSID: 3447
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of type II diabetes and anthropometric variables with risk of pancreatic cancer among postmenopausal women. METHODS: Weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured by trained personnel, whereas history of diabetes and weight earlier in life were self-reported. Pancreatic cancer was ascertained via central review of medical records by physician adjudicators. After exclusions, 1045 cases of pancreatic cance...
Keywords: Adiposity; Body Mass Index; Waist Circumference; Waist-Hip Ratio; Serum Insulin; Pancreatic Cancer; Postmenopausal Women
Related Studies: W54, W58, W66

DNA methylation-based estimator of telomere length

Ake Lu et al., 2019/8 PubMed #31422385 MSID: 3721
Telomere length (TL) is associated with several aging-related diseases. Here, we present a DNA methylation estimator of TL (DNAmTL) based on 140 CpGs. Leukocyte DNAmTL is applicable across the entire age spectrum and is more strongly associated with age than measured leukocyte TL (LTL) (r ~-0.75 for DNAmTL versus r ~ -0.35 for LTL). Leukocyte DNAmTL outperforms LTL in predicting: i) time-to-death (p=2.5E-20), ii) time-to-coronary heart disease (p=6.6E-5), iii) time-to-congestive heart failure (p...
Keywords: Dna Methylation; Leukocyte Telomere Length; Aging; Mortality; Cvd
Related Studies: 315, BA23, M5, W58, W63

Dietary Inflammatory Potential and the Risk of Incident Kidney Failure in the Women’s Health Initiative

Tanya Johns et al., 2025/4 PubMed #40789098 MSID: 3842
Background: Diet affects inflammation and kidney health, but few studies have investigated dietary inflammatory potential in CKD progression, particularly in women. We aim to examine this association in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Methods: We conducted a non-concurrent prospective cohort study among WHI participants enrolled in the clinical trials and observational study (1993-1998) without baseline CKD and with available dietary intake assessments, Medicare data, and creatinine measure...
Keywords: Diet; Inflammation; End-Stage Renal Disease; Chronic Kidney Disease; Racial Disparities; Aging
Related Studies: 422, W35, W54, W58, W66

Epigenome-wide association study of leukocyte telomere length

Yunsung Lee et al., 2019/8 PubMed #31461406 MSID: 3851
Abstract Telomere length is associated with age-related diseases and is highly heritable. It is unclear, however, to what extent epigenetic modifications are associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL). In this study, we conducted a large-scale epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of LTL using seven large cohorts (n=5,713) - the Framingham Heart Study, the Jackson Heart Study, the Women's Health Initiative, the Bogalusa Heart Study, the Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 and 1936, and the Long...
Keywords: Dna Methylation; Leukocyte Telomere Length; Aging; Mortality; Cvd
Related Studies: 315, BA23, M5, W58, W63

Cardiovascular risk prediction in women with and without chronic kidney disease

Approved Manuscript, Gallo, Robert et al., 2023/10 MSID: 4306
Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease; Risk Prediction; Cardiovascular Disease; Risk Modeling; Primary Prevention
Related Studies: W54, W58

Metabolic obesity phenotype, age acceleration and obesity-related cancer risk in the Women’s Health Initiative

Approved Proposal, Karra, Prasoona et al., 2023/3 MSID: 4878
Keywords: Obesity-Associated Cancer; Metabolic Dysfunction; Body Mass Index; Metabolic Health Phenotypes; Age Acceleration
Related Studies: 311, 315, 564, BA23, W1, W2, W54, W58, W66

Kidney stones and the risk of chronic kidney disease among postmenopausal women: Results from The Women's Health Initiative

Approved Proposal, Javadi, Mahsa et al., 2024/2 MSID: 5020
Keywords: Urinary Tract Stones; Chronic Kidney Disease; End-Stage Kidney Disease (Eskd); Mortality; Hazard Ratio; Postmenopausal Women
Related Studies: 422, M5, M13, W54, W58, W64, W66

Lack of mediation by inflammatory biomarkers in the association between migraine and stroke among postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative

Approved Proposal, Xing, Zailing et al., 2025/5 MSID: 5311
Keywords: Migraine; Stroke; Ischemic Stroke; Intracranial Hemorrhage; Stroke Mechanism; Inflammatory Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Interleukin-6; And Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha
Related Studies: BA6, W6, W54, W58

10-Year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, hormone Therapy and cardiovascular disease outcomes in the Women’s Health Initiative hormone therapy trial

Approved Proposal, Nudy, Matthew et al., 2024/4 MSID: 5101
Keywords: Hormone Therapy; Cardiovascular Disease Risk; Pooled Cohort Equation; Coronary Heart Disease; Stroke
Related Studies: 422, W1, W6, W54, W58

Premenopausal Endogenous Estrogen Exposure and Kidney Function in Postmenopausal Women: The Women's Health Initiative

Approved Proposal, Lapierre-Nguyen, Stephanie et al., 2025/8 MSID: 5381
Keywords: Estrogen Exposure; Chronic Kidney Disease; Premenopausal Exposures; Kidney Function
Related Studies: 422, 717, W35, W54, W58, W66

APOB and NPC1L1 gene-by-environment interactions affecting dietary cholesterol absorption and total cholesterol levels: results from the Women’s Health Initiative

Approved Proposal, Kim, Daniel Seung et al., 2014/12 MSID: 2611
Related Studies: M24, W54, W58