Hormone Trials

Combined (Estrogen + Progestin) Hormone Therapy - Primary Report:

The Writing Group for the WHI Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy post-menopausal women: Principal results of the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288(3):321-333.

Estrogen-Alone Therapy - Primary Report :

The Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee. Effects of Conjugated Equine Estrogen in Postmenopausal Women With Hysterectomy. The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 2004; 291: 1701-1712.

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Follow-up through 2010: Manson JE, Chlebowski RT, Stefanick ML, et al. Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Health Outcomes During the Intervention and Extended Poststopping Phases of the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials. JAMA. 2013;310(13):1353–1368. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.278040

Follow-up through 2014: Manson JE, Aragaki AK, Rossouw JE, et al. Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Long-term All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials. JAMA. 2017;318(10):927–938. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.11217

Manson JE, Aragaki AK, Bassuk SS, et al. Menopausal Estrogen-Alone Therapy and Health Outcomes in Women With and Without Bilateral Oophorectomy: A Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2019;171(6):406-414. doi:10.7326/M19-0274

Follow-up through 2017: Chlebowski RT, Anderson GL, Aragaki AK, et al. Association of Menopausal Hormone Therapy With Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality During Long-term Follow-up of the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA. 2020;324(4):369–380. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.9482

Dietary Modification Trial

Beresford S, Johnson K, Ritenbaugh C, et al. Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Colorectal Cancer:The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA 2006;295:643-654.

Howard B, Van Horn L, Hsia J, et al. Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA 2006;295:655-666.

Prentice R, Caan B, Chlebowski R, et al. Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer:The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA 2006;295:629-642.

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Follow-up through 2010: Thomson C, Van Horn L, Caan B, et al. Cancer Incidence and Mortality during the Intervention and Postintervention Periods of the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1 December 2014; 23 (12): 2924–2935. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0922

• Prentice AJCN 2017 (DM)

Follow-up through 2016

Prentice RL, Aragaki AK, Howard BV, et al. Low-Fat Dietary Pattern among Postmenopausal Women Influences Long-Term Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes Outcomes. J Nutr. 2019;149(9):1565-1574. doi:10.1093/jn/nxz107

Chlebowski RT, Aragaki AK, Anderson GL, et al. Dietary Modification and Breast Cancer Mortality: Long-Term Follow-Up of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(13):1419-1428. doi:10.1200/JCO.19.00435

Calcium & Vitamin D Trial

Wactawski-Wende J, Kotchen J, Anderson G, Assaf A, Brunner R, O'Sullivan M, Margolis K, Ockene J, Phillips L, Pottern L, Prentice R, Robbins J, Rohan T, Sarto G, et al. Calcium plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer. NEJM 2006;354:(7):684-696.

Jackson R, LaCroix A, Gass M, Wallace R, Robbins J, Lewis C, Bassford T, Beresford S, Black H, Blanchette P, Bonds D, Brunner R, Bryzski R, Caan B, et al. Calcium plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Fractures. NEJM 2006;354:(7):669-683.

Follow-up thru 2020:

• Thomson AIM 2020 (CAD)

Follow-up thru 2010:

• Cauley JWH 2013 (CAD)